Fundamentals

Get clear insights into essential AI and data concepts with our Fundamentals blog series, from the basics of data types to LLMs, cognitive science, and modern AI systems. Perfect for building a strong foundation in modern AI technologies, whether you are a beginner or looking to solidify your understanding.

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FundamentalsSeptember 18, 2026

Anthropic API Cost in 2026: Claude Pricing and Calculator

A breakdown of Anthropic API pricing for 2026: per-model Claude token rates, prompt caching and Batch API discounts, worked cost examples, and how much a memory layer can cut off the bill.

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FundamentalsSeptember 18, 2026

Grok Pricing in 2026: API Costs and Calculator

A breakdown of Grok API pricing for 2026: per-model token rates, what happens when a prompt crosses 200K tokens, caching and tool costs, and how much a memory layer can cut off the bill.

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FundamentalsSeptember 16, 2026

Top AI Podcasts for Engineers: 10 Shows Worth Your Time in 2026

A field guide to the AI podcasts worth an engineer's queue in 2026 — what each show actually covers, a recent episode to start with, and a clear reason to skip the ones that aren't for you.

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FundamentalsSeptember 10, 2026

AgentBench Explained: Grading LLMs as Multi-Step Agents

AgentBench tests LLMs as agents across eight interactive environments, from operating systems to web shopping. See how its scoring works, what the original results found, and where memory evaluation picks up where AgentBench leaves off.

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FundamentalsSep 9, 2026

A Picture of RAG: Retrieval-Augmented Generation

A visual walkthrough of how RAG actually works: how knowledge is prepared and indexed, what gets retrieved for a question, how that evidence augments the LLM's prompt, and why retrieval quality decides what the model can answer correctly.

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FundamentalsSeptember 6, 2026

AI Database Guide: Types, Retrieval, RAG, and Memory

AI database is an umbrella term for vector databases, graph databases, search engines, relational and document stores, and more. Learn how each type works, when to choose one over another, and where a memory layer belongs above them.

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FundamentalsSep 2, 2026

Graph Knowledge: How Knowledge Graphs Represent Connected Information

Learn how knowledge graphs represent entities and relationships with defined meaning, how RDF and property graph architectures differ, and how graph knowledge supports AI retrieval and agent memory.

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FundamentalsSeptember 1, 2026

AI Memory Benchmarks: The Complete Guide (2026)

A practical map of AI memory benchmarks: LongMemEval, LoCoMo, BEAM, MemoryAgentBench. What each tests, dataset sizes, limitations, and how to run.

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FundamentalsSep 1, 2026

LLM Memory: How Parametric, Contextual, and External Memory Work

Learn the difference between parametric, contextual, and external LLM memory, how each is managed, and how RAG and persistent memory fit together.

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